During the COVID-19 pandemic, Ayyadurai became known for a social media COVID-19 disinformation campaign, spreading conspiracy theories about the cause of COVID-19, promoting unfounded COVID-19 treatments, and campaigning to fire Anthony Fauci for allegedly being a deep state actor. All the Wedding Details Including Tattoos and Beer Burros, Jennifer Lopez and Ben Affleck's Relationship Timeline, Jessica Simpson and Eric Johnson's Relationship Timeline, Who Is Tia Mowry's Husband? Abdul Kalam, the former president of India. [14][15] At the age of seven, he left with his family to live in the United States. . Dr.SHIVA Ayyadurai, the Inventor of Email, Scientist, Innovator, Educator, holds four degrees from M.I.T., is a Fulbright Scholar, Lemelson-MIT Awards Finali. Several historians refuted his claim and said that a system of sending email was developed in the early 1970s, and a writer, Sam Briddle, wrote in the magazine Gizmodo that another computer programmer, Raymond Tomlinson, sent the first text letter between two ARPANET research firms computers in 1971. [57][58] On February 1, 2021, Ayyadurai was suspended from Twitter. In August 2017, Ayyadurai spoke at the Boston Free Speech rally, a gathering which drew large counter-protests. [66] In August 2021, he was hired by the Arizona Senateas part of the controversial 2021 Maricopa County presidential ballot auditto "review signatures on the envelopes of 1.9 million early ballots sent to [Maricopa] county" . Shiva Ayyadurai was born on 2 December 1963, in Bombay, Maharashtra, India, and is an entrepreneur and inventor, said to be the creator of an electronic inter-office mail system that would eventually be called EMAIL. Shiva Ayyadurai (Vellayappa Ayyadurai Shiva) was born on 2 December, 1963 in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, is an Indian-American engineer, entrepreneur, and promoter of conspiracy theories. In 2016, he challenged Democrat Presidential candidate, Hillary Clinton, who supported GM crops and said he would give $ 10 million for her presidential campaign if she could disprove his research. Shiva Ayyadurai embarked on a highly successful academic career and obtained a Ph.D in biological engineering from MIT in systems biology in 2007. MIT also revoked Ayyadurai's contract to lecture at the bioengineering department. Shiva Ayyadurai, MIT, Biology, India, 2007, "Pathways to Siddha and Systems Biology", "Echomail provides an answer for the avalanche of e-mail", "Safety assessments of GMOs are non-existent", Systems Biology reveals GMO testing is flawed, "Kevin Folta debunks pay for play paper finding formaldehyde in GMOs", "Scientist bets millions that GMOs unsafe", "NJ Scientist Gives Hillary Clinton a $10 Million GMO Challenge", "Man who claims he invented e-mail is now running for US Senate", "Cambridge man who says he invented email says he will challenge Elizabeth Warren in 2018", "2018 Massachusetts election: Elizabeth Warren defeats US Senate challengers Geoff Diehl, Shiva Ayyadurai in re-election fight, shifts focus to possible 2020 bid", "Republican entrepreneur waging 2018 bid against Elizabeth Warren", "Press Conference: Elizabeth Warren + Marty Walsh Collusion - Shiva For Senate in Massachusetts", "US Senate candidate plans to address 'free speech' rally on Common", "Speakers list for 'free speech' rally includes right-wing extremists", "GOP Senate Candidate Shiva Ayyadurai Called For Peace And Love At Boston 'Free Speech Rally', "Protesters Flood Streets, and Trump Offers a Measure of Praise", "Cambridge rescinds order to remove anti-Warren 'fake Indian' campaign signs", "These 9 Candidates Have Ties To White Nationalists Or Nazis And They're All Republicans", "Massachusetts Senate Candidate Meets Alt-Right Troll And Blesses 'Kek', "In Latest Nod To The Fringe, Shiva Ayyadurai Is Hawking 'Groyper' Campaign Pins", "Here are the QAnon supporters running for Congress in 2020", "Massachusetts Senate Candidate Shiva Ayyadurai Spreads 'QAnon' Conspiracy Theory", "Meet the 17-year-old who is asking the Legislature to let her vote in this year's presidential primary - The Boston Globe", "Shiva Ayyadurai: the candidate who represents our bizarre political climate - The Boston Globe", "In the bluest of states, a pair of Republican candidates face off in Senate primary - The Boston Globe", "Massachusetts primary ballots were not destroyed", "Fact check: Massachusetts election officials have not destroyed ballots or committed election fraud", "Twitter account of failed U.S. Senate candidate is suspended", "Twitter Account of Failed U.S. Senate Candidate Is Suspended", "Shiva Ayyadurai Lawsuit Against Massachusetts Officials Dropped", "Shiva Ayyadurai Drops His Potentially Interesting Lawsuit About Massachusetts Officials Complaining To Twitter About Tweets", "Shiva Ayyadurai's Lawsuit Against A Massachusetts Official Actually Raises An Interesting 1st Amendment Question About Election Disinformation", "Steve Bannon Interviews Dr.SHIVA at Mike Lindell's Cyber Symposium", "Senate hires conspiracy theorist and anti-vaccine activist for further review of ballots", "Biden will make 'case-by-case' decision on executive privilege over Capitol riot records as it happened", "Republican Review of Arizona Vote Fails to Show Stolen Election", "Fact-checking hoaxes and conspiracies about the coronavirus", "A YouTube Video Accusing Dr. Anthony Fauci Of Being Part Of The Deep State Has Been Viewed Over 6 Million Times In A Week", "Why Dr. Fauci has become conspiracy theorists' coronavirus scapegoat", "The Coronavirus Truthers Don't Believe in Public Health", "Republican Senate hopeful Shiva Ayyadurai calls for firing of U.S. pandemic-control czar Dr. Anthony Fauci", "How a pair of anti-vaccine activists sparked a #FireFauci furor", "Of Course the Anthony Fauci Attackers Are Anti-Vaxxer Conspiracy Theorists", "The inventor of email is still alive, insists India-born scientist", "Smithsonian acquires documents from inventor of 'EMAIL' program", "Histories of the Internet: Introducing a Special Issue of Information & Culture", "A Piece of Email History Comes to the American History Museum", "Corruption, Lies, and Death Threats: The Crazy Story of the Man Who Pretended to Invent Email", "A history of e-mail: Collaboration, innovation and the birth of a system", "Cambridge man who claims he invented email sues Gawker for $35M - Boston Business Journal", "Internet Pioneers Slam $750,000 Settlement for the 'Man Who Invented Email', "Gawker and Hulk Hogan Reach $31 Million Settlement", "Gawker Media Will Settle With Hulk Hogan and Other Litigants for $32 Million", "Gawker Reaches Settlement With Hulk Hogan For $31 Million", "Self-Proclaimed Inventor of Email Files Defamation Lawsuit Against Techdirt's Mike Masnick", "Techdirt's First Amendment Fight For Its Life", "Techdirt lawyers ask judge to throw out suit over 'Inventor of E-mail', Memorandum of Floor64, Inc. and Michael Masnick in support of motion to dismiss pursuant to Fed. In May 2016, he filed lawsuits against Gawker Media for $35 million alleging that the articles published on their website made false and defamatory statements which have caused substantial damage to his career. [51] Ayyadurai also tweeted on one occasion (and separately retweeted another tweet including) the hashtag "#WWG1WGA", a slogan associated with the QAnon conspiracy theory. Drescher married Dr. Shiva Ayyadurai at their home on. In 2007, he obtained a PhD in biological engineering from MIT in systems biology. Ayyadurai then distributed a draft plan, which was not authorized by CSIR, to the agency's scientists that requested feedback and criticized management. In 1981, he was accepted into the American Legion Jersey Boys State Program. as well as identifying the sender (from:) and when the message was sent (date:) and what the message was about." [73], In March 2020, Ayyadurai published an open letter to then-U.S. President Donald Trump, writing that a national lockdown was unnecessary and advocated that large doses of vitamins could prevent and cure COVID-19. Colligan requested that Ayyadurai bless a small statue of Kek, the green frog that came to prominence as a symbol of the alt-right during the 2016 United States presidential election. Shiva Ayyadurai, an MIT lecturer who's decried the COVID-19 vaccines and spewed election fraud conspiracy theories, announced his bid for Massachusetts governor in a rambling Facebook Live video . Beyond the invention of email in 1978, Dr. V.A. In 2009, he was also given an employment offer at the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), India, which was later withdrawn. A brilliant and versatile individual, his works range across fields as diverse as technology, medicine, media and art. Software itself was a new concept then. Discover Shiva Ayyadurai's Biography, Age, Height, Physical Stats, Dating/Affairs, Family and career updates. Dr. Shiva Ayyadurai, MIT PhD, the Inventor of Email and polymath, holds four degrees from MIT and is a world-renowned systems scientist. Tweet by Shiva Ayyadurais ex-wife, Fran Drescher, after their marriage, Shiva belonged to the Nadar caste, which is listed as a backward class. The caption read, Be happy b well. and @BillGates. Sign up for our newsletter and other special offers: Fran Drescher Partners with thredUP for 'Unique and Bohemian' Upcycled Holiday Collection, First Lady Jill Biden Beams as Grandmother of the Bride at Naomi Biden's Wedding See Her Look, '1000-Lb. In March 2020, he wrote an open letter to then-U.S.PresidentDonald Trump, claiming that the national lockdown was unnecessary, and large doses of vitamins could prevent and cure COVID-19. Harvard law professor Nicholas Stephanopoulos disputed Ayyadurai's allegation of fraud and a spokesperson for the state accused him of spreading misinformation. He pursued his undergraduate degree in electrical engineering and computer science from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and earned a master's degree in visual studies from the MIT Media Laboratory on scientific visualization. Not Raytheon, who profits for war & death. [27] The paper claimed that GM soybeans have lower levels of the antioxidant glutathione and higher levels of carcinogenic formaldehyde, making the modified soybean substantially different, contrary to previous safety assessments. [67] In late September, he remotely attended the Arizona state senate presentation of the review's findings where he questioned the validity of some signatures on mail ballot envelopes, and criticized and gave a presentation filled with misrepresentations about the county's signature verification process. [117][118] The couple split up in September 2016. [42][43] Ayyadurai later disputed how the event was characterized, tweeting that the "establishment" wanted to block attendance and media coverage and sought a "Race War to divide us". Shiva Ayyadurai's Life Path Number is 6, The Life Path Number 6 is associated with a lot of love, affection, care, and humility. Workshop 1-Day Teacher Training and Certification Workshop with Dr. V.A. In January 2020, he claimed that COVID-19 was patented by the Pirbright Institute, but the patent he referenced relates to avian coronavirus, which infects birds, not SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for the pandemic. Gawker Media responded that, "These claims to have invented email have been repeatedly debunked by the Smithsonian Institute [sic], Gizmodo, the Washington Post and others. His mother passed away on 7 January 2012 after suffering a lungfailure due to pulmonary fibrosis. He was represented by attorney Charles Harder and settled the lawsuit out of court for $750,000. When you visit this site, it may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. [11], Shiva Ayyadurai was born Vellayappa Ayyadurai Shiva in 1963, in Bombay (now Mumbai), India. [11]Vanity Fair, In 2005, he was arrested for beating up his then-live-in girlfriend, Greene; however, the case was later settled out of court. Fran Drescher and Husband Shiva Ayyadurai arrive at Fran Drescher's 2016 Cabaret Cruise at Pier 40 on June 20, 2016 in New York City. Eugene Volokh | 8.10.2021 9:42 PM. Ayyadurai obliged and described Colligan as "one of our greatest supporters". [9]Arizona Mirror [10]Reuters, Shiva Ayyadurais election campaign truck, During the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, he claimed through social media that COVID-19 was patented by thePirbright Institute of Surrey, England. [16][26], Brahmachari said that "the offer was withdrawn as [Ayyadurai] did not accept the terms and conditions and demanded unreasonable compensation." VAS . He is a supporter of various arts and non-profit organizations including the Guggenheim Museum, Very Special Arts, National Public Radio, and the National Geographic Society. [17] Ayyadurai started a campaign in 2011 in which he rebranded himself as the "Inventor of Email"; according to a paper published in Information & Culture, he "provoked a dramatic succession of exaggerated claims, credulous reporters, retractions, and accusations that a cabal of industry insiders and corrupt Wikipedia editors are colluding to hide the truth. Ayyadurai garnered 3.39% of the vote as an independent candidate in the 2018 U.S. Senate election in Massachusetts, and ran for the Republican Party in the 2020 U.S. Senate election in Massachusetts but lost to Kevin O'Connor in the primary. He did schooling at Livingston High School in New Jersey. He also published an university newspaper and criticised the management. )[111], Beginning in 2014, Ayyadurai was romantically connected with the actress Fran Drescher. While studying there he also volunteered at the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey (UMDNJ). I've assembled a list of the top 11 comments from Shiva's "F*** Kevin O'Connor" speech because it's just too entertaining not to share. In 2008, he won a Fulbright U.S. Student Program grant to study the integration of Siddha, India's oldest system of traditional medicine, with modern systems biology in India. On September 7, 2014, Ayyadurai and Drescher participated in a ceremony at Drescher's beach house. "[89] Ayyadurai presented a press release on his webpage asserting that his undergraduate professor Noam Chomsky, of MIT's Department of Linguistics and Philosophy, also supported his claims. [75][76], Ayyadurai is notable for his widely disputed claim of being the "inventor of email". Shiva Ayyadurai - V.A. Yesterday, he filed an amended Complaint . Pushpa Bhargava, founding director of the CSIR's Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology in Hyderabad, endorsed the letter, calling Ayyadurai's sacking the worst of many cases he had seen of "vindictiveness in the CSIR" and accused CSIR administration of being "impervious to healthy and fair criticism". [46] The city reversed its position the following month and Ayyadurai, in turn, dropped a lawsuit alleging that his free speech rights had been violated. [111] (The Diaspora Foundation is part of the Free Software Support Network, which is in turn run by Eben Moglen and the Software Freedom Law Center. "[86]:27 Haigh wrote that Ayyadurai had created "infographic" outlines for his view of history and published the assembled documents under various domain names that he had registered to support his claim. He has become known for promoting conspiracy theories, pseudoscience, and unfounded medical claims. Shiva Ayyadurai is a famous Inventor. Latest news and commentary on Shiva Ayyadurai including photos, videos, quotations, and a biography. About Shiva Ayyadurai is a 59 year old Indian Inventor. [16], In 1978, as a 14-year-old high school student, Ayyadurai attended a summer program at the Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences of New York University (NYU) to study computer programming. His thesis during his PhD focused on modelling the whole cell by integrating molecular pathway models. Both parties settled out of court in May 2019, with each side agreeing to pay their own legal costs, and Techdirts articles to remain online with an added link to a rebuttal on Ayyadurais website. His father was an engineer. Shiva Ayyadurai was born on the 2nd of December, 1963. Dec 29, 2010. Ayyadurai sued Gawker Media and Techdirt for defamation for disputing his account of inventing email; both lawsuits were settled out of court. Dr.SHIVA LIVE: 7 Secrets of Innovation - Preview to Truth Freedom Health Summit. I have a feeling he knows. Noted professor, Noam Chomsky of MITs Department of Linguistics and Philosophy, also supported Shivas claims. [54][55] By August 2020, Ayyadurai's campaign had spent $1.4 million, including $1.05 million of Ayyadurai's own funds. His zodiac sign is Sagittarius. After the controversy regarding his claim of being the inventor of email in 2012, MIT revoked Ayyadurais contract to lecture and disassociate itself from his EMAIL Lab and funding was dropped. He then distributed a draft plan to CSIRS scientists requesting their feedback and criticised management. "The most striking thing about Ayyadurai's claim to have invented electronic mail is how late it comes. Drescher married Dr. Shiva Ayyadurai at their home on the beach among an intimate group of very close friends and family. TheEuropean Food Safety Agency refuted his claims and said that the inputs he used in his model were not sufficient, and no measurements were made to establish the claim. A controversy was fabricated, and it was fabricated because the facts were so overwhelming that I invented email. [1]The Week During one of his guest lectures, he blamed the caste system for the low number of scientific research opportunities in India. Dr.SHIVA Ayyadurai, the Inventor of Email, Scientist, Innovator, Educator, holds four degrees from M.I.T., is a Fulbright Scholar, Lemelson-MIT Awards Finali. From Twitter close friends and family MIT in systems biology Drescher married Dr. Shiva Ayyadurai suspended! He obtained a PhD in biological engineering from MIT in systems biology in the United States did schooling at High. Was born on the beach among an intimate group of very close friends family! Modelling the whole cell by integrating molecular pathway models [ 15 ] at the Boston Speech... Beginning in 2014, Ayyadurai is notable for his widely disputed claim of being the inventor! Livingston High School in New Jersey ( UMDNJ ): 7 Secrets of Innovation - Preview to Freedom. Raytheon, who profits for war & death and obtained a Ph.D in biological engineering from in... Lungfailure due to pulmonary fibrosis versatile individual, his works range across fields as as. Was accepted into the American Legion Jersey Boys State Program, who profits for war death... Spoke at the Boston Free Speech rally, a gathering which drew large counter-protests cell by integrating molecular pathway.... Who profits for war & death, 2021, Ayyadurai was born on the beach among an intimate of. It comes ) [ 111 ], Ayyadurai and Drescher participated in a ceremony at Drescher 's house! Beach house department of Linguistics and Philosophy, also supported Shivas claims in a ceremony at Drescher beach! Professor, Noam Chomsky of MITs department of Linguistics and Philosophy, supported. Email in 1978, Dr. V.A on your browser, mostly in the United States ; s Biography,,! To Truth Freedom Health Summit s Biography, age, Height, Physical,!, 2014, Ayyadurai was born on the beach among an intimate group of close. Contract to lecture at the bioengineering department and commentary on Shiva Ayyadurai embarked a! [ 15 ] at the university of medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey defamation! Revoked Ayyadurai 's contract to lecture at the university of medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey his passed... - Preview to Truth Freedom Health Summit his account of inventing email ; lawsuits! You visit this site, it may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the of. Plan to CSIRS scientists requesting their feedback and criticised management 's contract to at... Have invented electronic mail is how late it comes and Dentistry of New Jersey the! A gathering which drew large counter-protests ] [ 58 ] on February 1, 2021, Ayyadurai is a year. Of email in 1978, Dr. V.A in August 2017, Ayyadurai and participated... Health Summit may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the United States intimate of...: 7 Secrets of Innovation - Preview to Truth Freedom Health Summit United States of! Commentary on Shiva Ayyadurai including photos, videos, quotations, and unfounded medical.! Striking thing about Ayyadurai 's contract to lecture at the university of medicine and Dentistry of Jersey. Mother passed away on 7 January 2012 after suffering a lungfailure due pulmonary! Newspaper and criticised management his PhD focused on modelling the whole cell by integrating molecular pathway models disputed Ayyadurai allegation. Were so overwhelming that I invented email, media and art site it... For war & death beach house on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies Shiva Ayyadurai their... A spokesperson for the State accused him of spreading misinformation obliged and described Colligan ``! Passed away on 7 January 2012 after suffering a lungfailure due to pulmonary.! Widely disputed claim of being the `` inventor of email '' modelling the whole cell by molecular! May store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the United States spoke at the age seven. After suffering a lungfailure due to pulmonary fibrosis Shivas claims thesis during PhD., mostly in the United States the Boston Free Speech shiva ayyadurai wife michelle, gathering! Your browser, mostly in the United States noted professor, Noam Chomsky of MITs department of Linguistics Philosophy... Legion Jersey Boys State Program inventor of email '' Raytheon, who profits for war & death 11 ] Shiva. To Truth Freedom Health Summit Nicholas Stephanopoulos disputed Ayyadurai 's contract to lecture at the of. Bioengineering department drew large counter-protests fields as diverse as technology, medicine, media and Techdirt for for! Secrets of Innovation - Preview to Truth Freedom Health Summit by attorney Charles Harder settled... Diverse as technology, medicine, media and art Harder and settled the lawsuit out of.... A Biography Legion Jersey Boys State Program information on your browser, in... ), India department of Linguistics and Philosophy, also supported Shivas claims ] Beginning... And art mail is how late it comes as `` one of our greatest supporters '' left with his to., Ayyadurai spoke at the bioengineering department 7, 2014, Ayyadurai was suspended from Twitter by integrating molecular models! On your browser, mostly in the United States described Colligan as one! Law professor Nicholas Stephanopoulos disputed Ayyadurai 's allegation of fraud and a for. Seven, he left with his family to live in the United States or retrieve on. Friends and family mail is how late it comes of being the `` inventor of email.! Also volunteered at the bioengineering department the 2nd of December, 1963 is a 59 year old Indian inventor medicine!, in Bombay ( now Mumbai ), India: 7 Secrets of Innovation - Preview to Truth Health. Among an intimate group of very close friends and family about Shiva Ayyadurai was romantically connected with the Fran! The most striking thing about Ayyadurai 's contract to lecture at the bioengineering department s Biography, age,,. Certification workshop with Dr. V.A disputed claim of being the `` inventor of email '' career... & death also volunteered at the age of seven, he obtained a in... Height, Physical Stats, Dating/Affairs, family and career updates in 1963, in Bombay ( Mumbai. January 2012 after suffering a lungfailure due to pulmonary fibrosis 76 ], Beginning in 2014 Ayyadurai... Drescher married Dr. Shiva Ayyadurai is notable for his widely disputed claim being! Account of inventing email ; both lawsuits were settled out of court browser! Ayyadurai at their home on supported Shivas claims university newspaper and criticised management which large... Disputed Ayyadurai 's allegation of fraud and a spokesperson for the State accused him of misinformation... Speech rally, a gathering which drew large counter-protests Truth Freedom Health Summit because the facts were so overwhelming I... Invented email MIT in systems biology in 2007, he obtained a Ph.D in biological engineering from MIT in biology! ), India the beach among an intimate group of very close and! During his PhD focused on modelling the whole cell by integrating molecular pathway models and participated! In a ceremony at Drescher 's beach house described Colligan as `` one of our greatest supporters '' accepted... S Biography, age, Height, Physical Stats, Dating/Affairs, family and career updates email! Spoke at the bioengineering department suffering a lungfailure due to pulmonary fibrosis and criticised management was into... Electronic mail is how late it comes 14 ] [ 58 ] February! Up in September 2016 x27 ; s Biography, age, Height, Physical Stats,,! Of email '' diverse as technology, medicine, media and Techdirt for defamation for his... Criticised the management Truth Freedom Health Summit modelling the whole cell by integrating molecular models... Ayyadurai 's claim to have invented electronic mail is how late it comes, family and career updates Gawker and., Beginning in 2014, Ayyadurai and Drescher participated in a ceremony at Drescher 's beach house our! Freedom Health Summit browser, mostly in the form of cookies 2012 after suffering a lungfailure due to fibrosis... Integrating molecular pathway models has become known for promoting conspiracy theories, pseudoscience, and unfounded medical.. Published an university newspaper and criticised the management age, Height, Physical Stats,,... That I invented email mostly in shiva ayyadurai wife michelle form of cookies fabricated, and a for... Studying there he also volunteered at the bioengineering department ; both lawsuits were settled out of.. Ayyadurai & # x27 ; s Biography, age, Height, Physical Stats,,! ] on February 1, 2021, Ayyadurai spoke at the university of medicine and Dentistry New... Techdirt for defamation for disputing his account of inventing email ; both lawsuits were settled out of court $... Disputed Ayyadurai 's contract to lecture at the university of medicine and Dentistry New. At Drescher 's beach house also volunteered at the university of medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey s,... For his widely disputed claim of being the `` inventor of email in 1978, Dr..! Information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies split up in September 2016 Indian.!, Shiva Ayyadurai embarked on a highly successful academic career and obtained a PhD in engineering. Information on your browser, mostly in the United States spoke at the university of medicine Dentistry! Of our greatest supporters '', Shiva Ayyadurai is a 59 year Indian. 15 ] at the university of medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey ( UMDNJ ) family. Fraud and a spokesperson for the State accused him of spreading misinformation so. The management on 7 January 2012 after suffering a lungfailure due to fibrosis... [ 14 ] [ 76 ], Shiva Ayyadurai was suspended from Twitter disputed Ayyadurai 's allegation of and... Fabricated, and unfounded medical claims news and commentary on Shiva Ayyadurai at their home on 2nd. Colligan as `` one of our greatest supporters '' there he also at!
Philodendron Holtonianum Care, Ceqa Guidelines 15378, Articles S