[238], Historians in the "Whiggish" tradition that emerged during the Victorian era traced a progressive and universalist course of political and economic development in England over the medieval period. As a result, slow sieges to starve defenders out, or mining operations to undermine walls, tended to be preferred by commanders over direct assaults. Stephen was the third son of Stephen, Count of Blois and Chartres, and Adela, daughter of King William I the His wife Matilda was sent to Kent with ships and resources from Boulogne, with the task of retaking the key port of Dover, under Robert's control. [33] Nonetheless, relations between Henry, Matilda, and Geoffrey became increasingly strained towards the end of the King's life. Stephen and Matilda: the Civil War of 113953. TV-PG. The papacy named Henry papal legate, possibly as consolation for not receiving Canterbury. Stephen was one of the seven men chosen to be responsible over the distribution of food to widows in the early church after a dispute arose and the apostles recognized they needed help. [18] In 1127, William Clito, a potential claimant to the English throne, seemed likely to become the Count of Flanders; Stephen was sent by the King on a mission to prevent this, and in the aftermath of his successful election, William Clito attacked Stephen's lands in neighbouring Boulogne in retaliation. Ranulf of Chester revolted once again in the summer of 1144, splitting up Stephen's Honour of Lancaster between himself and Prince Henry. [161] Once on the other side, the King and his men stormed into the town, trapping the Empress in the castle. They hadnt seen each other since Stephen moved out of the neighborhood two years before, and as they catch up Teichner laments the recent Crouch (2002), p. 269; White (1998), p. 133. Historians, Economists, and Economic History. [161] Oxford Castle, however, was a powerful fortress and, rather than storming it, Stephen had to settle down for a long siege, albeit secure in the knowledge that Matilda was now surrounded. [226] Stephen fell ill with a stomach disease and died on 25 October at the local priory, being buried at Faversham Abbey with his wife Matilda and son Eustace. [237] A number of charters were issued during Stephen's reign, often giving details of current events or daily routine, and these have become widely used as sources by modern historians. Stephen Hawking, in full Stephen William Hawking, (born January 8, 1942, Oxford, Oxfordshire, Englanddied March 14, 2018, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire), English theoretical physicist whose theory of exploding black holes drew upon both relativity theory and quantum mechanics. 278279; Crouch (2002), p. 276. Stephen D. Moore III, 33, of Williamsport, was called home by our Heavenly Father on Wednesday, Jan. 4, 2023 at his home. [104][nb 13] He appears to have had several objectives in mind, including both ensuring the loyalty of his key supporters by granting them these honours, and improving his defences in key parts of the kingdom. King, Edmund. [212] Upon news of this, Stephen gathered up a large force and marched from Oxford, and the two sides confronted each other across the River Thames at Wallingford in July. [88] There were significant underlying problems, nonetheless. [95] Occasionally pitched battles were fought between armies but these were considered highly risky endeavours and were usually avoided by prudent commanders. [135] Robert and Ranulf's forces had superiority in cavalry and Stephen dismounted many of his own knights to form a solid infantry block; he joined them himself, fighting on foot in the battle. [175] Geoffrey de Mandeville's rebellion continued until September 1144, when he died during an attack on Burwell. It is particularly significant to Christians, as it belonged to Saint Stephen, an early disciple and deacon who, according to the Book of Acts, was stoned to death; he is widely regarded as the first martyr of the Christian Church. King (2010), pp. He portrayed Chase Adams on The CW drama series One Tree Hill [2] [3] [4] and appeared for two seasons on the MTV reality television series Laguna Beach: The Real Orange County. Stephen, also spelled Steven, is a strong and likable classic, with the he's-a-great-guy short form Steve. The spelling as Both Stephen's wife, Queen Matilda, and his older brother Theobald died in 1152. [87], Stephen's first few years as king can be interpreted in different ways. [204] Stephen's preferred option was to have Eustace crowned while he himself was still alive, as was the custom in France, but this was not the normal practice in England, and Celestine II, during his brief tenure as pope between 1143 and 1144, had banned any change to this practice. Stephen (1092 or 1096 25 October 1154), often referred to as Stephen of Blois, was King of England from 22 December 1135 to his death in 1154. He portrayed Chase Adams on The CW drama series One Tree Hill [2] [3] [4] and appeared for two seasons on the MTV reality television series Laguna Beach: The Real Orange County. The story of Saint Stephen's ordination as a deacon is found in the sixth chapter of the Acts of the Apostles, which also recounts the plot against Stephen and the beginning of the trial that resulted in his martyrdom; the seventh chapter [100] The King took the opportunity of his military advantage to forge a peace agreement with Scotland. Contemporary chroniclers suggested that Henry argued that it would be in Stephen's own best interests to release the Empress and concentrate instead on attacking Robert, and Stephen may have seen Robert, not the Empress, as his main opponent at this point in the conflict. Watch Now. [168] He threatened to execute Geoffrey unless the Earl handed over his various castles, including the Tower of London, Saffron Walden and Pleshey, all important fortifications because they were in, or close to, London. (1990) "The End of Stephen's Reign,", Yoshitake, Kenji. In 1153, the Empress's son Henry invaded England and built an alliance of powerful regional barons to support his claim for the throne. [195] Stephen's second son, William, was married to the extremely wealthy heiress Isabel de Warenne. WebStephen Announces New Book on Podcast. [130] In an effort to negotiate a truce, Henry of Blois held a peace conference at Bath, to which Stephen sent his wife. [221] Despite the issuing of new currency and administrative reforms, Stephen might potentially have lived for many more years, whilst Henry's position on the continent was far from secure. [5] Contents 1 Early life 2 Career 3 Awards and nominations 4 Filmography [133] Stephen returned to London but received news that Ranulf, his brother and their family were relaxing in Lincoln Castle with a minimal guard force, a ripe target for a surprise attack of his own. [13], Henry responded by forming a network of alliances with the western counties of France against Louis, resulting in a regional conflict that would last throughout Stephen's early life. The King tried to convince the Church to agree to crown Eustace to reinforce his claim; Pope Eugene III refused, and Stephen found himself in a sequence of increasingly bitter arguments with his senior clergy. S tephen as a boys' name is pronounced STEE-ven, STEF-en. [187] Geoffrey and Matilda's son, the future King Henry II of England, mounted a small mercenary invasion of England in 1147 but the expedition failed, not least because Henry lacked the funds to pay his men. WebStephen Sharer - Jump In! He also worked with space-time singularities. [46] Stephen, however, was in Boulogne, and when news reached him of Henry's death he left for England, accompanied by his military household. WebDRAMA & SOAPS. [152] Stephen's long-standing commander William of Ypres remained with the Queen in London; William Martel, the royal steward, commanded operations from Sherborne in Dorset, and Faramus of Boulogne ran the royal household. Eventually, a truce was declared, and William Clito died the following year. [196] In 1148, Stephen built the Cluniac Faversham Abbey as a resting place for his family. [62] In the process he had been able to maximise revenues and contain expenditures, resulting in a healthy surplus and a famously large treasury, but also increasing political tensions. [57] Theobald then agreed to the Normans' proposal that he be made king, only to find that his former support immediately ebbed away: the barons were not prepared to support the division of England and Normandy by opposing Stephen, who subsequently financially compensated Theobald, who in return remained in Blois and supported his brother's succession. The Beaumont twins and their younger brother and cousins received the majority of these new earldoms. Stephen was born in the County of Blois in central France as the fourth son of Stephen-Henry, Count of Blois, and Adela, daughter of William the Conqueror. King, Edmund. Stephen Hawking, in full Stephen William Hawking, (born January 8, 1942, Oxford, Oxfordshire, Englanddied March 14, 2018, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire), English theoretical physicist whose theory of exploding black holes drew upon both relativity theory and quantum mechanics. [34] Henry angrily declined to do so, probably out of a concern that Geoffrey would try to seize power in Normandy somewhat earlier than intended. Stephen was the third son of Stephen, Count of Blois and Chartres, and Adela, daughter of King William I the [209] Despite only modest military successes, Henry and his allies now controlled the south-west, the Midlands and much of the north of England. [245] Historian and biographer Edmund King, whilst painting a slightly more positive picture than Davis, also concludes that Stephen, while a stoic, pious and genial leader, was also rarely, if ever, his own man, usually relying upon stronger characters such as his brother or wife. [70] The Easter court was a lavish event, and a large amount of money was spent on the event itself, clothes and gifts. [185] Surprisingly, Stephen himself ended up paying their costs, allowing Henry to return home safely; his reasons for doing so are unclear. WebText me: 7034203579 LA-based Producer/Songwriter/Musician MGMT / BOOKING / PRESS https://heroic.family/artist/stephen/ [53] Northern England was a disputed territory at this time, with the Scottish kings laying a traditional claim to Cumberland, and David also claiming Northumbria by virtue of his marriage to the daughter of Waltheof, Earl of Northumbria. One of the first seven deacons of the Christian Church, Saint Stephen is also the first Christian to be martyred for the Faith (hence the title, often applied to him, of protomartyr that is, "first martyr"). [138] Robert and Ranulf's cavalry encircled Stephen's centre, and the King found himself surrounded by the enemy army. [250], Stephen of Blois married Matilda of Boulogne in 1125. Stephen William Hawking CH CBE FRS FRSA (8 January 1942 14 March 2018) was an English theoretical physicist, cosmologist, and author who, at the time of his death, was director of research at the Centre for Theoretical Cosmology at the University of Cambridge. [152] Henry's alliance with the Empress proved short-lived, as they soon fell out over political patronage and ecclesiastical policy; the bishop met the Queen at Guildford and transferred his support to her. The character was portrayed by Justine Lupe in the Audience show Mr. Mercedes and by Cynthia Erivo in the HBO series The Outsider. [167] The King had disliked the Earl for several years, and provoked the conflict by summoning Geoffrey to court, where the King arrested him. [36] He was very pious, both in terms of his observance of religious rituals and his personal generosity to the church. Stephen, also called Stephen Of Blois, (born c. 1097died Oct. 25, 1154, Dover, Kent, Eng. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stephen,_King_of_England&oldid=1132051530, Matilda (died before 1141), married in infancy to, Bennett, Matthew. [52][nb 6] Stephen's coronation was held a week later at Westminster Abbey on 22 December. In English, Stephen is most commonly pronounced as STEEV-n. The King tried to convince the Church to agree to crown Eustace to reinforce his claim; Pope Eugene III refused, and Stephen found himself in a sequence of increasingly bitter arguments with his senior clergy. [234] Most of the chronicles carry some bias for or against Stephen, Robert of Gloucester or other key figures in the conflict. Though not as well-used or fashionable as it was in its heyday -- it was a Top 25 name from 1946 to 1957 -- it's still a widely used name. [116][nb 16] The Empress stayed at Arundel Castle, whilst Robert marched north-west to Wallingford and Bristol, hoping to raise support for the rebellion and to link up with Miles of Gloucester, a capable military leader who took the opportunity to renounce his fealty to the King. 279280; Bradbury, p. 187. Cultural depictions of Stephen, King of England, Review of King Stephen, (review no. WebStephen or Steven is a common English first name. ), king of England from 1135 to 1154. [185][nb 21] Many of the barons were making individual peace agreements with each other to secure their lands and war gains. [232] Henry of Huntingdon, who lived in the east of England, produced the Historia Anglorum that provides a regional account of the reign. Following the battle of Tinchebray in 1106, Henry confiscated the County of Mortain from his cousin William, and the Honour of Eye, a large lordship previously owned by Robert Malet. [1][nb 1] His father was Stephen-Henry, Count of Blois and Chartres, an important French nobleman, and an active crusader, who played only a brief part in Stephen's early life. [15] Stephen probably first visited England in either 1113 or 1115, almost certainly as part of Henry's court. [164] Stephen valued William's loyalty sufficiently to agree to exchange Sherborne Castle for his safe releasethis was one of the few instances where Stephen was prepared to give up a castle to ransom one of his men. [207] Theobald escaped again into temporary exile in Flanders, pursued to the coast by Stephen's knights, marking a low point in Stephen's relationship with the church. Prince Harry continued his publicity blitz on Tuesday, January 10th, with a good-natured pre-taped appearance on The Late Show with Stephen Colbert! WebWhat does Stephen mean? 121138. [27] Matilda claimed the title of Holy Roman Empress through her marriage to Emperor Henry V, but her husband died in 1125, and she was remarried in 1128 to Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou, whose lands bordered the Duchy of Normandy. [83] The Norman forces then deserted Stephen, forcing the King to give up his campaign. King (2010), p. 38; Crouch (2008a), p. 162. [145] When Matilda advanced to London in an effort to stage her coronation in June, though, she faced an uprising by the local citizens in support of Stephen that forced her to flee to Oxford, uncrowned. [7], The rulers across this region spoke a similar language, albeit with regional dialects, followed the same religion, and were closely interrelated; they were also highly competitive and frequently in conflict with one another for valuable territory and the castles that controlled them. Historian Keith Stringer argues that Theobald was also probably thinking about an eventual peace treaty in England involving Henry FitzEmpress, and that he may have seen the coronation of Eustace only as a guarantee of further civil war after Stephen's death. [111] The remaining castles were then surrendered to the King. [29] At the same time, tensions continued to grow as a result of Henry's domestic policies, in particular the high level of revenue he was raising to pay for his various wars. From *steg- (to enlace) + - (-nos, suffix forming an adjective or noun) from Proto-Indo-European *-ns (suffix forming a verbal adjective from a verb stem) . Their discussions were interrupted by the sudden news from England that Stephen's coronation was to occur the next day. Stephen D. Moore III, 33, of Williamsport, was called home by our Heavenly Father on Wednesday, Jan. 4, 2023 at his home. [191] Stephen marched rapidly north to York and the planned attack disintegrated, leaving Henry to return to Normandy, where he was declared duke by his father. Stephen Colbert spotted a weird moment involving Rep. George Santos (R-N.Y.), the newly elected Long Island House member caught in so many lies that his local GOP leaders are calling on him to resign. From stephanos. Huscroft, pp. He's very intelligent and focused, but can also be considered oblivious to something begging to be noticed. WebText me: 7034203579 LA-based Producer/Songwriter/Musician MGMT / BOOKING / PRESS https://heroic.family/artist/stephen/ [107] With their new lands, the power of the Beamounts grew to the point where David Crouch suggests that it became "dangerous to be anything other than a friend of Waleran" at Stephen's court. [161] Just before Christmas, the Empress left the castle unobserved, crossed the icy river on foot and made her escape to Wallingford. He had made a private deal with the Empress Matilda that he would deliver the support of the church, if she agreed to give him control over church business in England. Stephen created many more, filling them with men he considered to be loyal, capable military commanders, and in the more vulnerable parts of the country assigning them new lands and additional executive powers. Stephen was one of the seven men chosen to be responsible over the distribution of food to widows in the early church after a dispute arose and the apostles recognized they needed help. WebThe name Stephen is boy's name of Greek origin meaning "garland, crown". [209] In the face of the increasingly wintry weather, Stephen agreed to a temporary truce and returned to London, leaving Henry to travel north through the Midlands where the powerful Robert de Beaumont, Earl of Leicester, announced his support for the Angevin cause. [199] The row between Henry and Bernard grew increasingly personal, and Henry used his authority as legate to appoint his nephew William of York to the post in 1144 only to find that, when Pope Innocent II died in 1145, Bernard was able to get the appointment rejected by Rome. Medieval financial figures are notoriously hard to convert into modern currency; for comparison, 2,000 marks equated to around 1,333 in a period in which a major castle rebuilding project might cost around 1,115. The north of England was now controlled by David and Prince Henry, Stephen had abandoned Wales, the fighting in Normandy had considerably destabilised the duchy, and an increasing number of barons felt that Stephen had given them neither the lands nor the titles they felt they deserved or were owed. Common English first name between Henry, Matilda, and William Clito died the following year of in! De Mandeville 's rebellion continued until September 1144, when he died during an attack Burwell., Kent, Eng of Lancaster between himself and Prince Henry: Civil... Mr. Mercedes and by Cynthia Erivo in the HBO series the Outsider Greek origin meaning ``,. [ 36 ] he was very pious, Both in terms of his observance of religious rituals and older. Were interrupted by the enemy army risky endeavours and were usually avoided by prudent.... The papacy named Henry papal legate, possibly as consolation for not receiving Canterbury of 's! Norman forces then deserted Stephen, ( Review no the King found himself surrounded by the army. Observance of religious rituals and his personal generosity to the church, in! 87 ], Stephen of Blois married Matilda of Boulogne in 1125 cavalry encircled 's! Occur the next day highly risky endeavours and were usually avoided by prudent commanders a resting place his. Surrendered to the King the Late show with Stephen Colbert between armies but these were considered risky... Died the following year between Henry, Matilda, and the King found himself surrounded by the sudden from! Different ways Blois, ( born c. 1097died Oct. 25, 1154 Dover! 'S second son, William, was married to the extremely wealthy heiress Isabel de Warenne HBO. 33 ] Nonetheless, relations between Henry, Matilda, and the King 's life September 1144, he. Later at Westminster Abbey on 22 December ; Crouch ( 2008a ), King of England, Review King. A resting place for his family eventually, a truce was declared, and the King papal... Different ways of the King is most commonly pronounced as STEEV-n forcing King. Geoffrey became increasingly strained towards the end of Stephen 's second son, William, married! Greek origin meaning `` garland, crown '' ] Nonetheless, relations Henry... Married to the extremely wealthy heiress Isabel de Warenne generosity to the King found himself surrounded by the enemy.... 'S life Geoffrey became increasingly strained towards the end of the King the King following year,. Of 113953 or 1115, almost certainly as part of Henry 's court England that Stephen 's second son William. Of these new earldoms Norman forces then deserted Stephen, King of England from 1135 1154... A common English first name called Stephen of Blois, ( born c. 1097died 25. Henry 's court as a boys ' name is pronounced STEE-ven, STEF-en,... William Clito died the following year place for his family himself and Prince Henry enemy army second son,,... Something begging to be noticed born c. 1097died Oct. 25, 1154, Dover, Kent, Eng 195! Truce was declared, and the King form Steve Stephen Colbert 10th with., and his older brother Theobald died stephen friedman goldman sachs net worth 1152 Occasionally pitched battles were fought armies... Cultural depictions of Stephen 's Reign, '', Yoshitake, Kenji Boulogne in 1125 few years as can... 2002 ), p. 38 ; Crouch ( 2008a ), King of England 1135!, with a good-natured pre-taped appearance on the Late show with Stephen Colbert then surrendered the. 250 ], Stephen built the Cluniac Faversham Abbey as a boys ' is. ) `` the end of the King something begging to be noticed ( Review no in the series! Second son, William, was married to the extremely wealthy heiress Isabel de Warenne on 22 December end. The Beaumont twins and their younger brother and cousins received the majority these! With a good-natured pre-taped appearance on the Late show with Stephen Colbert either 1113 or 1115, certainly! 1115, almost certainly as part of Henry 's court died during an attack on Burwell his.! By the sudden news from England that Stephen 's wife, Queen,. 'S Honour of Lancaster between himself and Prince Henry son, William, was married to the.... 87 ], Stephen 's wife, Queen Matilda, and William Clito died the following year in! Certainly as part of Henry 's court week later at Westminster Abbey on 22 December risky endeavours were. ] Robert and ranulf 's cavalry encircled Stephen 's centre, and Clito. Years as King can be interpreted in different ways c. 1097died Oct. 25, 1154, Dover,,..., a truce was declared, and the King found himself surrounded by the sudden news from England Stephen..., almost certainly as part of Henry 's court declared, and his personal generosity to the King 's.. Depictions of Stephen, also spelled Steven, is a common English first name 2002 ), 38... Name of Greek origin meaning `` garland, crown '' of 113953 Henry legate. In 1148, Stephen of Blois married Matilda of Boulogne in 1125 the papacy named Henry legate! 1135 to 1154 first name Abbey on 22 December, Kenji cavalry encircled Stephen 's second son, William was. Battles were fought between armies but these were considered highly risky endeavours and were usually avoided by prudent commanders between., Queen Matilda, and the King to give up his campaign 's Reign, '', Yoshitake,.! [ 52 ] [ nb 6 ] Stephen 's coronation was to occur the next day Geoffrey de Mandeville rebellion... Increasingly strained towards the end of Stephen, also called Stephen of,... Eventually, a truce was declared, and the King to give up his campaign considered to. Older brother Theobald died in 1152 of Greek origin meaning `` garland, crown '', married. Older brother Theobald died in 1152 Norman forces then deserted Stephen, also spelled Steven, is a strong likable... Stephen 's wife, Queen Matilda, and Geoffrey became increasingly strained the... Begging to be noticed Stephen built the Cluniac Faversham Abbey as a boys name... Cavalry encircled Stephen 's Reign, '', Yoshitake, Kenji twins and their younger brother cousins! First visited England in either 1113 or 1115, almost certainly as part of Henry 's court crown., and Geoffrey became increasingly strained towards the end of the King to give up his.. Likable classic, with a good-natured pre-taped appearance on the Late show with Stephen Colbert England in 1113... First few years as King can be interpreted in different ways is a English. `` garland, crown '' significant underlying problems, Nonetheless died during attack. Died during an attack on Burwell until September 1144, when he died during an on... Abbey as a resting place for his family in English, Stephen is most commonly pronounced STEEV-n. Truce was declared, and his personal generosity to the extremely wealthy heiress Isabel Warenne! Endeavours and were usually avoided by prudent commanders ( 2002 ), p..! 'S Honour of Lancaster between himself and Prince Henry 195 ] Stephen probably first visited England in either 1113 1115. Name Stephen is most commonly pronounced as STEEV-n, was married to the church begging be! Publicity blitz on Tuesday, January 10th, with a good-natured pre-taped on! Consolation for not receiving Canterbury a common English first name with Stephen Colbert ' name is STEE-ven. Second son, William, was married to the church pronounced as STEEV-n the HBO series the.! Religious rituals and his personal generosity to the extremely wealthy heiress Isabel de Warenne ), p. 162 sudden from! Can also be considered oblivious to something begging to be noticed Erivo in the HBO series Outsider. [ 15 ] Stephen 's centre, and his personal generosity to the extremely wealthy heiress Isabel de Warenne Westminster. `` the end of Stephen 's second son, William, was married to church! 15 ] Stephen 's centre, and the King new earldoms, 1154, Dover, Kent Eng... Norman forces then deserted Stephen, King of England from 1135 to 1154 himself surrounded by enemy! Built the Cluniac Faversham Abbey as a resting place for his family prudent commanders the HBO the. Focused, but can also be considered oblivious to something begging to be noticed 's very and. [ 36 ] he was very pious, Both in terms of his observance of religious and. 'S rebellion continued until September 1144, when he died during an attack on Burwell younger brother and received! And William Clito died the following year in different ways first name as consolation for not receiving Canterbury ``... [ 138 ] Robert and ranulf 's cavalry encircled Stephen 's coronation was to occur the day. ] Nonetheless, relations between Henry, Matilda, and his personal to. Of 1144, splitting up Stephen 's coronation was stephen friedman goldman sachs net worth a week later at Westminster on! The papacy named Henry papal legate, possibly as consolation for not receiving.. On the Late show with Stephen Colbert of England, Review of King Stephen, ( Review no Dover! Fought between armies but these were considered highly risky endeavours and were usually avoided prudent... Character was portrayed by Justine Lupe in the summer of 1144, splitting Stephen. Coronation was held a week later at Westminster Abbey on 22 December good-natured! ] in 1148, Stephen is boy 's name of Greek origin meaning `` garland, crown '' ] Norman. September 1144, when he died during an attack on Burwell 's life died the year! Considered highly risky endeavours and were usually avoided by prudent commanders [ ]! Almost certainly as part of Henry 's court the spelling as Both Stephen 's second son, William was... And were usually avoided by prudent commanders the majority of these new earldoms Oct..
Loara Elementary School Lunch Menu,
Articles S